To Hong Kong to buy something cheap, good quality?
December 21, 2010
clothing
On the North Branch of Heilongjiang Land Reclamation 2011 session of the third year on the second semester of high school the first time
September 10, 2010
http://reg.700125.ks5u.com (entrance is good information in this)
Farm North Branch of the second security High School Middle School 2010 – 2011 school year the first – the first monthly exam semester
English language < strong> test title (specialty classes)
in this paper the first volume is divided into Ⅰ (multiple choice) and Ⅱ volume (non-multiple choice) in two parts. A total of 150 points, the examination time of 120 minutes.
Note:
1. A first volume before, candidates must be your name, ticket number, scrawled in pencil examination subjects on the answer sheet.
2.每小题 selected answers in pencil on the answer sheet corresponding to the answer to the subject label blacked out. For a change, with a clean eraser, and then choose the other answer painted label. Can not answer on the paper.
3. After the exam, candidates will answer in this paper and card should be submitted.
Section Ⅰ volumes (a total of 115 multiple choice points)
first part of the hearing (of two, out of 30)
Section I ( 5 small problem; 每小题 1.5 points, 7.5 points out)
listen to the dialogue in paragraph 5 below. After each dialogue, there is a small problem, from the title given in the A, B, C are three options to select the best option, and mark the corresponding position in the paper. After listening to each conversation, you have 10 seconds to answer the small questions and read the next small problem. Each dialogue only read it again.
1. What are these two people talking about?
A. A lightweight shirt.
B. Things to wear.
C. The warm weather. .
2. What is the woman job?
A. Cook. B. Waitress. C. Saleswoman.
3. How is the man getting to work?
A. Riding. B. By bus. C. Driving.
4. What does the man mean?
A. The woman uncle will come for a visit.
B. He thinks the woman should visit her uncle.
C. He asks the woman to go over to his place.
5. What will the weather in Arizona be like in the coming week?
A. Rainy. B. Warm. C. A bit cold.
Section II (a total of 15 small problem; 每小题 1.5 points out of 22.5 points)
listen to the following five paragraphs of dialogue or monologue. After each dialogue or monologue a few small problems, from the title given in the A, B, C are three options to select the best option, and mark the corresponding position in the paper. Listen to each dialogue or monologue before, you will have time to read all the small problems, 每小题 5 seconds; after listening to all the small problems will give time for 5 seconds to answer. Read twice each dialogue or monologue.
listen to paragraph 6 of the material, answer questions 6-8.
6. What lipstick did the woman expect to buy?
A. Lyfel, dark shade.
B. Lyfel, pink shade.
C. Lyfel, bright shade.
7. Why does the woman want to change the color of her lipstick?
A. To be cool. B. To be serious. C. To be attractive.
8. How about the lipstick the woman took in the end?
A. Its color is suitable but is very expensive.
B. Its color is right though it is not Lyfel brand.
C. Its color isn right but its brand is Lyfel.
listen to paragraph 7 of the material, answer questions 9-11.
9. Why is it easier for the woman to learn English?
A. She often talks to English people.
B. She speaks two languages ??already.
C. She always does her homework right after class.
10. Which of the following is suggested by the woman to be a good way of learning English?
A. Reading newspapers.
B. Writing diaries.
C. Reading aloud in the morning.
11. Why is it difficult for the man to lean English?
A. He doesn talk to his English teachers.
B. There are no native speakers around him.
C. He is too shy to speak English.
listen to paragraph 8 of the material, answer questions 12 to 14.
12. How does the man get information about the apartment?
A. From TV advertisements.
B. From advertisements in the newspapers.
C. From radio advertisements.
13. How many rooms has the apartment got?
A. FourB. FiveC. Six
14. How much will the man pay for the rent per month if he wants to include management and parking as well?
A. $ 500. B. $ 450. C. $ 550 to listen to paragraph 9 of the material, answer to the first 15 to 17 questions.
15. What is the woman afraid of when she takes her trips?
A. Taking a voyage. B. Taking a train. C. Taking a flight.
16. What transportation can you infer the man prefers?
A. Trains. B. Planes. C. Ships.
17. What the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Husband and wife. B. Teacher and student. C. Friends.
listen to paragraph 10 of the material, answer questions 18 to 20.
18. What was Miss Richards?
A. A chemistry teacher.
B. A physics teacher.
C. A science teacher.
19. How did Miss Richards feel before Dick answered her question?
A. Disappointed and unhappy.
B. Angry and annoyed.
C. Excited.
20. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Dick was the top student in class.
B. The students were active in class.
C. Miss Richards was rather patient.
Part II: the use of knowledge of English (a total of two, out of 45 points)
Section I: Individual fill in the blank (a total of 15 small problem; 每小题 1 minute, out of 15)
from A, B, C, D four options, choose the best option you can fill the space.
21. The A (H1N1) influenza (a flow) was spreading rapidly across the country but it remained under-______ control, _______official with the Ministry of Health said in Beijing on Sunday.
A. Not filled; an B. the; an C. Do not fill; not fill D. the; the
22. Our teachers often tell us, “the harder you study, the more questions you will think of.”
A. askingB. to askC. being asked D. to be asked
23. Mary and Joan quarreled, but they after a while.
A. put up B. brought up C. made up D. set up
24.——-I have something to consult. Can you explain it to me?
——- Not at all . ______________
A.I e no time. B. I rather not C. I like it D. I happy to
25.The two pens are the same, but the red one cost _____________ that one.
A. as much twice as B. twice as much as
C. much as twice as D . as twice much as
26. Mary has got the first place in the 100-meter race.________ she looks so excited.
A.. No doubtB. No wonderC . No wayN. Do problem
27. For the kite-flying competition, his grandfather made a _____ kite.
A. silk dragon-shaped goldenB. golden silk dragon-shaped
C. dragon-shaped golden silkD. golden dragon-shaped silk
28. Mr Green is fond of rock music, ___________his wife has no interest in it at all.
A. howeverB. while C. asD. unless
29-Where did you get your laptop? I like to get one.
-Well, at_______ shop on Avenue 48, but I can say exactly.
A. some B. any C. each D. every
30. I would have helped you, but I __ really occupied the whole week.
A. wasB. am C. had beenD. were
31. What a wonder! They e finished _________half of the project in such a short time.
A. no more than B. no less than C. not more than D. much less than
32. It was so cold a day that she stood ________ to her mother.
A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing
33. I have been told that the new law will come into_________on January 1st next year.
A. effect B. use C. serviceD. existence
34. The policy of the mainland is very clear and straightforward, and the key problem is _____the leaders of Taiwan will accept it.
A. thatB. how C. whyD. whether
35. Unless ________, I will not go to the party held by them.
A. invite B. invited C. inviting D. to invite
36. You ______ use my bike on condition that you give it back to me before I leave here.
A. should B. must C. ought toD. shall 37 .. I was so surprised; I _________ you to come. A. wouldn expectedB. haven expected C. hadn expected D. wasn expecting 38. I think your opinion is right am _________ you .. A. agree withB. agree to C. in favor of D. do you a favor 39. __________ in 1989, the school has been one of greatest schools in the province. A. foundB. Founded C. Founding D. To be founded 40. Stop stealing money ________ you will be punished one day.A. but B. so C. or elseD. so that Section II: Cloze (15 small problem; 每小题 1.5 points out of 23 points)
read the following essay, to grasp the effect, and then from 41-55 to each question are the four options (A, B, C and D), select the best option.
Nearly everybody enjoys chicken, and the most famous name in chicken is Kentucky Fried Chicken. Mr Sanders, the man who started this ___41___ was not always very rich. At one time, he ___42___ a small gas station next to a highway (road). Many truck drivers ___43___ there to get gas and take a rest. Mr Sanders realized they were often ___44___, so he began serving sandwiches and coffee. ___45___ the sandwiches he made tasted good, and didn ___46___ too much, more and more ___47___ came to eat at his place. ___48___ Mr Sanders began to serve fried chicken. People ___49___ it very much, and his new business grew rapidly. Not long after, however, another highway was ___50___, and many drivers no longer went ___51___ Mr Sanders restaurant. So he had to ___52___ it. Then he traveled around the country ___53___ to sell his idea of ??opening fried chicken restaurants. He ___54___. By 1967, there were almost 5000 Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants. And now , ___55___ you go in the United States, you will see one. If you like chicken, I sure, you l enjoy eating Kentucky Fried Chicken.
41. A. business B. shopC. lifeD. search.
42. A. found B. worked C. sawD. owned
43. A. passedB. got toC. stoppedD. left
< br /> 44. A. lateB. hungry C. tiredD. sick
45. A. Although B. If C. As D. Once
46. A. need B. payC. spendD. cost
47. A. passengersB. drivers C. studentsD. doctors
48. A. Then B. So C. But D. For < br />
49. A. ate B. liked C. triedD. drank
40. A. appeared B. found C. builtD. broken
51 . A. outB. toC. over D. on
52. A. close B. run C. return D. take
53. A. trying B. believingC. thinking D. suggesting
54. A. failed B. failsC. succeeds D. succeeded
55. A. whenever B. whereverC. where D. when
The third part of the reading comprehension (a total of 20 small problem; 每小题 2 points, out of 40)
read the following essay question from each of the four options given (A, B, C and D), select the best option
A
Last year. I took a sightseeing trip to Washington, DC. I heard a voice say, “Can you help me?” When I turned around, I saw an elderly blind woman with her hand extended. Immediately, I pulled out all of my change and placed it on her hand without even looking at her. But the blind woman smiled and said, “I don want your money.I just need help finding the post office.”
In an instant, I realized what I had done. I acted with prejudice-I judged another person simply for what I assumed she had to be. I hated what I saw in myself.
The thing I had forgotten about myself is that I am an immigrant. I left Honduras and arrived in the US at the age of 15. I started my new life with two suitcases, my brother and sister. Through the years, I have been a doorkeeper, cashier and pizza delivery driver among many other humble (humble) jobs, and eventually I became a network engineer.
In my own life, I have experienced prejudice. I remember a time-at the age of 17-when I was a busboy, I heard a father tell his little boy that if he did not do well in school, he would end up like me.
But now, living in my American middle-class lifestyle, it is too easy to forget my past, to forget who I am, where I have been, and to lose sight of where I want to be going. That blind woman on the streets cured me of my blindness. She reminded me of my belief in humility (modesty). By the way, I helped that lady to the post office. I hope to thank her for the priceless lesson.
56. How did the writer give the blind woman money?
A. In a modest wayB. In a polite way
C. In an impatient way. D. In a painful way
57According to the text, the writer__________.
A. still lives a poor life B. was busy with his work
C. was born in Honduras D. was a native of Washington D. C.
58. According to the text, the author most probably agrees that one should__________.
A. be nice to the elderly and the disabled
B. try to experience different kinds of culture
C. treat others equally with love and respect
D. think about one past as often as possible
59. What would be the best title of the text?
A. A priceless lesson B. An act of prejudice
C. A sightseeing trip D. A humble moment
B
Beldon and Canfield are two seashore towns, not far apart. Both towns have many hotels, and in summer the hotels are full of holiday-makers and other tourists.
Last August there was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel in Beldon. The next day, this news appeared on page two of the town newspaper. The Beldon Post:
FIRE AT SEABREEZE
Late last night firemen hurried to the Seabreeze Hotel and quickly put out a small fire in a bedroom. The hotel manager said that a cigarette started the fire. We say again to all our visitors: “Please don smoke cigarettes in bed.” This was Beldon first hotel fire for five years.
The Canfield Times gave the news in these words on page one:
ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE
Last night Beldon firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the Seabreeze Hotel. An angry holiday-maker said, “An electric lamp probably started the fire.The bedroom lamps are very old at some of these hotels.When I put my bedside light on, I heard a funny noise from the lamp.” We are glad to tell our readers that this sort of adventure does not happen in Canfield.
What are the facts, then? It is never easy to find out the exact truth about an accident. There was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel last August: that is one fact. Do we know anything else? Yes, we know that firemen went to the hotel.
Now what do you think of the rest of the “news”?
60. Which of the following best gives the main idea of ??this text?
A. Beldon and Canfield are both good places for tourists in summer.
B. A fire broke out at night in Seabreeze Hotel last summer.
C. It was not easy to find out exact truth from newspapers.
D. Two newspapers gave reports on the same matter.
English word-formation
December 2, 2010
There are three main English word formation: transformation, derived and synthetic, following a brief overview of the three word-building.
1, into word formation:
① a large number of verbs into nouns can sometimes mean there is not much change:
Let me have a try. I have to try.
We stopped there for a swim.
He went off at a run to consult a doctor.
This is for winter wear. Don tmake it too tight.
I like a quiet read after supper.
This was a great surprise (strike, shock) to my brother.
Have a look (chat, talk, wash, swim, rest, try, quarrel, smoke, lie, read, run, dream, fight, walk, ride, drink, laugh, dance, bathe, wish, win, fear, love, debate, dispute, interview, taste, etc)
Make a study (guess, visit, call, survey, jump, slip, change, search, stay, smart, answer, reply, remark, fight, arrest, appeal, purchase, sacrifice, demand, show, deal, attempt, attack, advance, etc)
Come to a stop (end, pause)
sometimes means there are some changes:
He was about the same build as his brother. his body and his brother almost.
Last year catch was four times that of 1986. Last year catch four times in 1986.
This was a decisive move. This is a decisive step.
They can be used as a stock feed. They can be used as animal feed.
Women have a equal say in everything. women in all aspects of the same voice.
He won two games; the other two were draws. He won the two Councils, in addition to tie the two Councils.
② there are a considerable number of nouns can be a verb. Term the object of many that can be used to indicate the action verb.
Have you booked your ticket?
Who chaired the meeting?
He pinned great hopes on us.
It can seat a thousand people.
We have mapped out plans for their utilization.
It pictures the life of overseas Chinese students.
He hurriedly penciled the time on it.
By noon he had bagged three hares.
The machine bottles15000 jars of cold cream a day.
The money was all pocketed by corrupt officials.
He hammered a nail into the wall.
some body parts that can be used as a verb nouns.
Hand in you exercise-books, please.
We l back you up. We should dare to face any difficulty and danger.
Who headed the delegation. (When the head). We lheaded forYunnan tomorrow.
We should shoulder these responsibilities. (Shoulder)
She fingered the silk gently. (Stroke)
Soon the seedings shot up and began to ear. (heading)
I never interested in nosing out the details of someone else private life. (snooping)
They eyed him with suspicion. (watching)
some of that class of persons the term can also be a verb:
If so, we shall be badly fooled. (taken)
He insisted on staying up to nurse the child. (care)
We were hosted by members of the embassy. (hospitality)
Our aim is to save the patient and not to doctor him to death. (treatment)
The equipment was manned by three workers per shift. (operation)
He has soldiered in France in his youth . (soldier)
The army was officered by brave men. (as officers)
He fathered many inventions. (had)
some of that other kind of term is also used as a verb:
Each apartment can house a family of six. (live)
I hope we can room together. (live) < br />
This helped to bridge over our difficulties. (through)
They flowered well but bore little fruit. (flowering)
He floored the room . (installed floor)
He manured the soil before sowing. (base fertilizer)
An aeroplane was used to dust insecticide. (spray)
We decided to dam the river. (dam building)
He is busy oiling the bicycle. (oil)
He wolfed down three great bowls of rice. ( wolf)
The pill is coated with sugar. (package with sugar)
Executives, workers and technicians team up. (grouped together)
In addition, there are some abstract nouns can also be used as a verb:
Where do swallows winter? (Winter)
We summered by Lake Geneva. (Aestivation)
For six days and nights they battled to save his life. (Bitterly)
Through my childhood, I had hungered for education. (hope)
This so angered us that we beat him up. (so angry)
The attack must be properly timed. (select time)
The actual labor force numbered 12000. (count there)
They breakfasted (lunched) at the guesthouse. (breakfast)
Over 1000 students stormed into the Senate building. (burst)
③ there are many adjectives can also be used as a verb:
The train slowed down to half its speed. (slow half)
This is the chief way of narrowing the differences between them. (narrow)
Please warm up the dish over the stove. (heat about)
The room gradually quieted down. (quiet)
They periodically thinned out leaves. (destroyed)
Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered. (corrected)
Nothing dries sooner than a tear. (dry). Shelly was unable to calm her.
The results humbled him. (Loss of dignity)
Don idle away your time. (Vain mix out)
< br /> They braved the bitter cold to complete the railway. (disregard)
Most of these rivers empty into the Pacific Ocean. (inflow)
He adjusted the lathe and readied the cutting tool. (ready)
She busied herself with household work.Don dirty your clothes.
They finally freed themselves from slavery.
Only thus can we better the life of the people.
He felt himself wronged. (wronged) His hair is beginning to grey.
The newspaper had been yellowed by sunlight.
He lowered his voice.
In addition there are other parts of speech of individual words can be used as a verb:
This helped to further their unity. (for adv — v)
Truth will out. (white adv — v)
3000 workers there downed tools. (adv strike down tools — v)
Please forward the letter to my new address. (forward adv — v)
She will off and do her own things. (go off adv — v)
I second the motion. (agreed num — v)
④ many adjectives used as nouns:
< br /> Nobles constituted seven per cent of the population. (nobility)
Hedidn want to disturb the quiet needed by the patients. (quiet environment)
He a dear. When is your French oral? (Spoken)
Their jobless total (total) reached a record high (peak) since 1940.
There is only one black in my class.
< br /> She is investigating the ancients onception of the universe. (ancient)
He is a natural for the job. (people born for … …)
It is necessary to make a distinction between right and wrong.
They are running in the final. Our six-year-oldisat school.
In short, for short, in general , for free, in red, in public, in common, in particular other.
⑤ In addition, there are other transformation of the individual:
This is a repeat performance of their old policy. (etched)
They held a fancy dress ball. (makeup) We began to march north.
His arguments contains too many ifs and buts.
This book is a must for students of electronics. (must read)
Have you considered the why and how of the plan?
Have you had a medical yet? (Physical examination)
⑥ have some form of the same word can be used as another word part of speech, but the stress changes.
Digest export import increase permit present progress produce record refuse suspect transport perfect content desert transport, etc.
⑦ are some other words by changing the ending of the Voicing to change the parts of speech, and some spelling change, and some spelling changes:
use — useexcuse — excusehouse — housemouth — mouth practice — practiseadvice-advisebelief-believegrief — grieve half — halvesrelief-relievethief —– theft — thievereceipt-receiveweight-weighhalf -halvecomplaint-complain
some word into another word when the vowel or the spelling has changed:
bath — bathebreath — breatheblood- – bleedfood-feedgold-gild proof — provespeech-speaktale-tellsale-selllose — lossfill-full choose — choice
2, derivation of word formation: derivation of word formation is the main root plus suffix composition.
① constitute a term commonly used suffixes have the following:
-er added to the verb, said people: adviserannouncerthinkeradmirerbakerbarber founderlearnerplayerbabysitter eye-openerspeakeremployer trainerpeace-loverdeer-hunterwood-cutterlandownermoneylenderonlookerminer passer- bysupporterbread-winner labourer designer school-leaverlawyer manager (Manager) passenger (passenger) beggar
added to the verb that tools or materials: air-conditionercan-opener cooker harvestereraserdrawerdusterrecordertelephone-receivertimercounter pain-killerbest sellercontainerbest-sellerheater ( heater) poster roller reminder
plus said after the noun adjective people: villagerbanker farmerLondonerNew Zealanderownerstrangerforeignersoutherner teenagerphotographeroutsider islandermillergardener, messenger
-oractorsailortransistorsemi-conductorinventorgovernoroperatoreditorvisitorelevator calculator professordirector collectorcompetitorinspectornavigator
-arbeggar, liar, scholar, burglar
-istMarxist artistpianistsocialistcommunistcapitalistdentist scientisttourist typistspecialist experts novelisttourist
-eeemployeetraineetrustee (director) addressee (recipient) referee (referee) intervieweeappointee ( appointee)
-eerpioneerengineerprofiteer (speculators) mountaineer volunteer
-esshostessactresswaitresslioness tigress princess goddess empress heiress mistresspoetesspriestessshepherdessfairness
-ianmagicianmusiciantechnicianphysicianpoliticianlibrarian comedian, pedestrian < br />
-iercashiersoldierfinancierpremier
-aryrevolutionary, secretary
-eseChineseJapanesePortuguese Pekinese
-antdependantinhabitantcontestantattendant (waiter) servant, immigrant, inhabitant , assistant, descendant
-entagent, president, resident, student, correspondent
-mansportsmanseamanfiremansalesmanspokesmanstatesmanfisherman
countrymanpostman
– ismsocialism Marxismracismheroismoptimism
-nessillnesssickness happiness greatnesscoldnesskindnessgoodnessdarkness sadnessbitternesscarelessnessloneliness
– (a) tiondictationpreparationoperationliberationexceptionrepetitionpronunciationdescriptionexplanationsuggestionattentionintentionintroduction direction separationmodernizationconsiderationinvitationcollectionprotectioncompetitionrecognition translationrealizationimagination reductionadditionpollutionexhibition connectionconstruction determinationinterruptioncongratulationsatisfactionrelaxationreflectionreceptionexceptionsituation (situations, circumstances) temptation
-iondiscussion revision decisionexpansionpersuasioncomparisonpermissionexpressionpossession explosionadmission impression
-mentdevelopmentdisagreementagreementjudgmentmovementargumentgovernmentdisappointmentastonishmentamazement employmentpunishmentimprovementencouragementmanagementenjoymentexcitementsettlementtreatmentannouncement requirementrefreshmentstatementbasemententertainmentassignment
-ing buildingsmokingreadingswimmingfeelingpaintingweddingfreezingsleep-pillsclose-planting deep-ploughingEnglish-speakingsight-seeingfarminggardeningprintingearnings savingswedding surroundingfittings greetingbodybuildingagingblessingthanksgiving
– shipleadershipfriendshipscholarshiphardshipcitizenshipmembershipwarshipseamanshipownership companionship relationship worship
-hood childhoodboyhoodfalsehood (false) likelihood (probability) motherhood (maternity, motherhood Road) brotherhood
-age marriagecarriageshortageleakage (leak) baggageadvantagepassage storagepercentagepackage packaging advantage
-urefailurepressurepleasureseizure (grasping, confiscation) mixturemoisturesignaturearchitecturecreaturedepartureliterature
-domfreedomkingdomofficialdom (bureaucracy) wisdom
-ty safetycruelty (cruel) loyalty (loyalty) penalty (punishment) varietyquality (quality) certaintypovertyanxiety
-ity activityrealityhumidity (humidity, moisture) possibilityelectricitynationality majorityminoritydisability equalitysecuritynecessity
-y (ry) difficultyslaverydiscoveryinquiry (question, survey) modestyhonestyjewelrybribery (bribery , bribery) rivalry (competition, hostility) scenerybraveryrecoveryentrytreatyrobberymysteryluxurybraverymachineryscenery poetrybakerygrocery cemeterybrewery
-thtruthwarmthhealthlengthstrengthwidthdepth growthdeathbreadthwidth
-alarrivalrefusaldenial (deny, refuse) approval (recognition, in favor of) burial trialindustrial
-ance (ence) acceptanceallowanceassistancereliancedifferencedependenceconfidencereference performanceappearanceoccurrenceexistenceobedienceentranceremembrance intelligence (mental) experience experience in appliance (appliance appliances) insurancenuisance
-fulmouthfulhandfulplatefulbusfulspadeful bowlfulbasketful
-ette cigarettekitchenette
< br />-let booklet (booklet) leaflet (leaflet) piglet (pig) starlet (small star, small star)
-cesilencedifferenceimportanceconvenience distancepatience
-icejustice justice, Service service
② constitute a common adjective suffix:
-fulcheerfulusefulgratefulfaithfulwonderfulbeautifulcarefulhelpfulfearfulpainfulpurposelythoughtfulhopefulplentifulpitifulcolourfulregretfulawful
-lesscarelesshomelessfearlesshelplesshomelessstarlessmotherless uselesspricelessvaluelessharmlessshamelessmeaninglessthoughtlesspowerlesswindlessspeechlesswirelessnamelessendlesslawlesscloudlesscolourlesshopeless fruitlesscheerless doubtlessformless pennilessflightless aimless odorlessregardlessrestlessshapeless
-ish foolishchildish (naive) selfishSwedishfeverish (fanatical) English ScottishSpanishbookish (good reading) mannish brownishreddishyellowish
-ive activecollectivedecisivedestructiveinstructiveprogressiveattractive effective creativeexpensive interactive (interactive) sensitive passive conservativeprogressive
-ouscourageous (brave) dangerousfamouscontinuousgenerous (generous) religiouszealous (enthusiastic) poisonousspacious (broad, large-scale) prosperous (prosperous) infamous (notorious) various mountainouscurious prosperouszealousenviousspacious cautious tremendousgloriousnumerousjealous
-ableacceptableagreeablecomfortable unforgettablewashablevaluablereparable reasonablereliablesuitableremarkablebelievablenumerable passablepracticableexcusableeatableevitablemoveableestimablenotablelaughabledependableescapableconsiderabledoubtablenoticeableinevitableprofitabledurable (durable) comparableportable
-iblesensibleresponsiblepermissiblevisible terriblehorribleinflexibleflexiblecomprehensibleaudibleadmissibleincredibleindigestible
-ic realisticpoeticenergeticdomesticdramatic fantastic linguistic economic (economics) classicelectric historic (historic) technologicmetallicacademicarcticathletic politic (wise and cunning)
-ical classicaleconomical (thrift) historical (history) technological (specific) ironical physicalmedicalchemicalpolitical (political) logicalmusicaltopical
-alcriticalhistorical ( history) logical (logical) accidentalcontinualexceptionalnational seasonal grammaticalspiritualagriculturalindustrialpersonalmineral central professional naval emotional sexual virtualuniversalmanualmutual
-y funnyrainynoisysnowydirtydustythirstyhungryoily tasty (delicious) bonysmelly worthywealthyfaultyhealthy weightydreamy (fuzzy) foggycosygreedyicyworthyspicy (scented)
-lyfriendlylovely livelydailyweeklylonelycomradelybrotherlyorderlytimely (timely) costly (expensive) cowardly (cowardly) gentlemanly (gentleman ) neighbourlyworldly (worldly) slightlylikelydeadly homely (ugly easygoing)
– entdependentdifferent obedientconsistent (consistent)
-ary imaginaryrevolutionarysecondary (secondary, second) honorarytemporaryelementary
-sometroublesomeburdensome (heavy) lonesometiresomequarrelsome handsome
-like childlikewomanlikewarlike (militant) manlike
-en goldenwoodenearthenwoolensilkenleaden
-ed worriedfrightenedterrifiedlandedmoneyedcultured talentedpleasedfloodedsalteddisappointedinterestedlimitedadvanced giftedcoloured raggedunderlined at the end of the underlined giftedbearded talented
– inginterestingfrighteningboringtiringleadingfreezing invitingpromisingencouragingsurprisingshocking missingamusing charmingpressingwilling
-atefortunateaffectionate (dear, beloved) passionate (enthusiastic) considerate
-an EuropeanIndianAmericanCanadianAustralianAfricanAsianKorean
-arsimilarfamiliarpolarpopular < br />
-iorinferiorsuperiorjunior
-orysatisfactorycontradictorypreparatory (preliminary preparation)
-proof: fireproof bombproof waterproof airproofbulletproof
-ward awkwardbackwarddownwardonwardeastward homewardseaward
③ numeral adverbs constitute a verb suffix:
-izenormalizemodernizenationalizemechanize (Mechanized) industrializecollectivize (collectivization) Americanizecommercialize (the commercial) privatizemagnetize (magnetic) realizeorganizehospitalize (medical ) apologize memorizepopularize
-atefortunatecongratulate fascinatenominate
-en widenhastenstrengthenlengthenloosen brightenfastenbroadenblackendeepenreddenthickenshortenstraightentightenweakenworsenhardensharpenripenfattensharpen
-ify simplifybeautifyamplifyidentifyjustifyqualifysimplifysatisfy
-ish furnishpunishpublish
-lyreallyhappilysimplyterriblywonderfullyproperlyfortunatelyactuallyaccordingly (so so) secondlyprobablythicklyshadilysecretly similarlynaturallywildly repeatedlyparticularlyespeciallypartlymostlymainlydeeply highly shortlylately merely simplynervouslywillingly
-wardsonwardforwardsupwardsdownwardseastwardshomewardstowardsafterwardsbackwards
-wiseclockwiselikewise (same) otherwiseanti-clockwise length-wise ( lengthwise, vertical long)
-waysalwayssideways
④ common meaning that the negative prefix:
un-unhappyuntrue uneasyunrest uncomfortableunusually unfairunfortunate unknownunfinishedunansweredunexpectedlyundressunlockuncoverunpackuntieunfold unload
dis-dishonesty disclaim (deny) disagreedisconnectdisableddisrespectfuldisinteresteddisadvantageddisapprovingdisorderdiscomfortdisown (not recognized) disinfect dislikediscoverdisarmdisclosedisbelievedisobeydisregarddisappointdisprovedisappeardiscouragedisobeydisadvantage
in-informalinconvenient indirect incorrectincompleteinadvisable inaudibleincomparableincomprehensible inexactinsincere invisible injustice insensitive injusticeinexact
inbeinginbornincidentincludeincomeindoorinfectinfluenceinjectinsertinquireinspectintake
im-immoralimpoliteimpossibleimportantimmodest improper imprecise impassable
implyimportimprison
ir-irregularirresponsibleirresistible (irresistible, can not be suppressed)
il-illegalillogicalillegitimate (illegal, Bastard) illiterate
non-nonstopnonsmokernon-conductornon-existentnonmember non-natural nonparty non-whitenon-violence non-paymentnon-confidencenonhumannon-unionnon-nuclearnon-sexual nonsense
⑤ that other meaning of the prefix
re-retellrewriterebuildredesignrecoverreturnrenewrepublic rearrangeremarryreuserecyclereuniteremind remainrevisit
mis-misunderstandmisspellmistakemispronouncemisusemisfortune misleadmistrustmisremember
co-co-operateco -existco-editorcoworkercodevelop
counter-counteractcounter-attackcounter-revolutionary
anti-anti-tankanti-fascistanti-clockwiseanticlockwise antiaircraft anti-feudal antibody
pro -pro-Frenchpro-Britishpro-Common Market
over-overdooverworkover-estimateoversimplifyovertime (out of overtime) overexciteoverambitious (too ambitious a) over-proudoverweightoverpopulationoverageoverheadoverpoweroversightoverheadovercrowdoverproduceovertakeoverturnoverflowoverthrowoverhear
ex-ex -husbandex-presidentex-servicemanexchange export
pre-pre-liberationpre-schoolpre-readingprecaution (prevention, vigilance)
post-post-graduatepost-warpost-election
fore-foreheadforelegforetellforecast
semi-semi-final semi-automatic semi-circlesemiskilledsemidesert
semi-conductorsemi-colonialsemi-feudal
self – self-conceitself-confidenceself-dependenceself-defenceself-helpself-praiseself-studyself-supportself-serviceself-esteemself-governingself-guidedself-restraint
mal-maltreatmalfunction (failure) malnutrition (malnutrition)
mid-mid-autumnmid-termmidnight mid-daymid-life (n. middle-aged)
super-supermansupermarketsuperstructure (superstructure, the superstructure) supernatural
sub-subwaysubconscious (subconscious) subdivide (subdivision, and then sub)
inter-internationalinternetinteractinter-continentalinterview interrupt internal
tele-telescopetelephonetelevisiontelegraph
trans -transporttransatlantictransplant
micro-microphonemicrofilmmicrobiologymicrocomputer
mini-miniskirtminibusminicab
vice-vice-premiervice-chairmanvicepresident
bi-bicyclebimonthlybilingual
tri-tricycletriangle
multi-multi-racialmulti-national
auto-autonomousautobiographyautomobile
en-enlargeenrichenpowerenrageencourageendanger enable encounter enclose entitle
be-belittle (contempt, so small) befriend (others such as friends, help) behead (beheaded) besmear (dirty)
a-asleepawakeaboardasideashorealivealikealoneawayarisearouse (to encourage arouse) abide (endure, abide by)
out-outlook outlawoutletoutcomeoutrunoutliveoutshine outputoutbreakoutburstoutfitoutlookoutnumber (more than the number) out-talk (drown the voices of others);)
with-withdraw (withdraw the withdrawal of vi. retracted out v. withdraw) withhold (reserved inhibition)
under-underestimate undervalueunderchargeunderpayunderfedundersizedunderbellyundercurrentunderclothesunderpantsunderseaunderwaterunder-feedunder-estimateunderpayunderdeveloped (hypoplasia) undergraduate undertake undergo
3, synthesis of word formation:
①
synthetic adjective adjective noun ed (or past participle) noble-mindedcold-bloodedwarm-heartedgood-temperedabsent-minded long-lasting longleggedlonglived near-sightedsingle -handedone-eyedthree-leggedblue-eyedfair-haired simple-mindedill-formednoble-minded left-handed right-handedhalf-finished middle-aged deep-setready-madeill-treated
adjective modern word good-looking fine-soundingordinary-lookingeasy-goinglow-lyingfun-loving slow-acting quick-acting
adverb modern word hardworkingfar-reaching outgoingfast-moving
noun modern word peace-lovingpaper -makingEnglish-speakingepoch-making sightseeingmass-producingtrack-laying breathtaking oil-bearinglaw-makingepoch-making world-shakingnorth-facingfar-reachingfar-seeing
noun past participle state-ownedheartfeltair-droppedChinese-designedradio-equippedmachine- cultivated water-cooledhand-mademan-made glass-topped (glass of) snow-coveredhorse-drawnsun-burntclear-cut
adverb past participle well-knownwidespreadnewly-builthighly-developed widely-used wrongly-pronouncedcuriously -shaped poorly-dressed well-skilledhighly-praised newly-discoveredupset
adjective noun large-scalehigh-classhigh-fathalf-wayold-style wide-awakeabove-mentioned
noun adjective duty-freeair-sickgrain-shortworldwidenationwidesmoke-freetax-freesalt-freeice-freeworld-famousred-blindsnow-whitehomesick
② other forms of over-allever-victoriousall-roundeverydayfirst-rate underwater underground out-and-outface- to-facedown-to-earthopen-airquick-servicelong-termout-of-the-waywell-off (well-off) wait-and-see (policy) nothing-can-be-done (attitude) back-to-frontkeep- fithigh-rise part-time full-time (schools) half-openhalf-cook worthwhile long-termopen-airextraordinary farawayever-greenever-lovingever-victoriousever-increasinghigh-quality three-legged (tables) five-year (plans) two-faced ( people) three-hour (ride) second-hand (books) out-of-date (books) word-for-word (translation)
③ synthesis noun noun
noun silkwormblood-testwater-birdwater-closet waterfall water-supplywater-towerhandbook handcuffs handcartweekendweekday workbookmoon-cakepan-cakebooksellerslave-owner gatekeepershopkeeperfirefighterbookshop sunshine moonlight daylight suitcasedaytimehometownmotherlandfireplacetape-recordercookbookfishermanbedclothes countrysideseed-headheadmasterheadmistressfortnight salesmansaleswomanairlineairportfilm-makerstreetcarheadlinesidewayhillsideweathermanbusinessmanarmymangunpowderarmchairseaside glasshousegreenhousepaperworkhouseworkhomeworkbattlefieldcoastline landownerhousewife courtyardaircraftpostman mailbox photocopierkeyboardrainfallsnowfallstep-motherhairdressing hair-dye hairpin toothpastenightlifenightgownnightmarerainforesttimetableworktablerailroadhouseholdneighbourhold farmyard schoolyard courtyard cupboardhousewifebattlefield
noun verb handshakehaircutearthquakeheadachestomachachetoothacheearachebreakdown wartime peacetime networkhandstand
adjective noun double-dealershorthandfull-namegiven-name loudspeakerlong-waveshort-wavewildlifefree-way one-way blue-collarwhite- collar parttime
noun noun waiting-roomdining-roomswimming-poolsleeping-pills dressing-table
verb noun pickpocketbreak-waterplaygroundworkforce sunsetsunrisedaybreakcross-roads harvest-time
noun gerund handwritingsun-bathingbody-building
verb adverb get-togetherbreakthroughleftover
adverb verb downfalloutbreak
other forms of well -beingcommander-in-chiefmother-in-lawgood-for-nothingtouch-me-notby-productgo-betweentake-off (departure time) turnover (turnover) handoutnowadaysincome overcoatleftoverhandover handkerchief handmaidenpasser-bygo-between grown-up pick-me-up ( stimulants), what `s-his-name (so and so)
④ synthetic verb eavesdropsleep-walkundergooverthrowwhitewashblacklist widespreadbroadcastovercometiptoe
⑤ synthetic adverb maybeforeverwhole-heartedlywhateverhowevermoreoverneverthelessdownstairsupstairsoverseassidewaysmeanwhileindoorsoverheadoutdoorssomewhereanyhowsomehoweverywherethereforenevertheless somewhatdowntown uptown alongside
⑥ synthetic pronouns myselfeverythingforevernearby
⑦ synthesis preposition withinwithoutthroughoutunderneath
Popular Music Used in Commercials 2
November 19, 2011
Well-known Songs Utilized in Advertisements Stop A Insanity-Hire You to definitely Generate Your Jingle! Many in annuals quondam, inside of a distant away location in appending apt time, organizations needing to enhance his or her goods in the media would probably maintain the services of songwriters to develop advertising jingles to mall what you were being sale. Nevertheless fair lately, in my idea, some firms possess entered the well known line, as it were, utilizing prestigious Beatles holmium? songs for you to information some. Am When i single who definitely revolted by the cache Target Ho Chu using the fantastic Beatles holmium? press permitted holmium holmium Ju ello Goodbye? (even though in the advertisement they e got changed this as you to Ho Ju ello Great handle, holmium? exactly how smart). Couldn holmium Zhua the corporate massive cilia pieces just simply use Craig Manilow (whom submitted the particular timeless McDonalds holmium? jingle: Ho Yuan ou ought have one chance today holmium ? to post the sappy jingle? Nonetheless, melancholy to say, this kind of proclivity has been secondhand again lately there does not arise to be a conclusion than me. Additionally, only notice this Badfinger melody Ho Chang ome And acquire It holmium? (within the ad proposed as GMC autos), I Ho Feng l scream! When Erina Jackson helped Nike to be competent to punishment the particular renowned onset through the Beatles holmium? Ho Ling evolution, holmium? the motif looked favor the truth namely floodgates had been started out, onward with one mention camp was given birth to. Although, I am not sure why these organizations comprehend precisely how numerous human are ache at simply their own evident inaccurate use of such vintage steel tracks. However, unsurprisingly, these kinds of hungry lyricists (and also anybody who are the employers of the substantial privileges above the tunes) are now creature very well rewarded finest to utilize these kind of typical tracks to obtain marketing functions. The fact is Randy Bachman, technically from the Canadian collection the particular Reckon Exactly who and then Bachman-Turner Overdrive, turned down some arrange of worthwhile attempt from your bathing apartment tissue corporation to appliance her song akin holmium holmium Qu? Care Of Business holmium? (the direction creative) to obtain a TV set business. This individual did , having said namely, let the music to use with an Workplace Resource professional, adjoining the adventure Ho Yuan excellent articulation. holmium? Bachman yet announced, holmium measured ou build a lot more in a season with namely vocational while compared with you judge to do with your plenary use of your wedding band in the 70s with that song. holmium? I assume My business is naive, merely once made it happen all but all corner out to be with greeting to the proceeds, not truly the songs? Sad to say , the emulating pattern can be grabbing aboard similar to htc wildfire, while nowadays you l be able to hear to several rock and roll tales allowing for their particular elementary music to be used regarding professional requirements. The opener cause why we now have Iggy Place with regard to Regal Carribbean, Frank Dylan marketing Victoria Ho Chu Technique goods, Billy Preston adding plan the Zombies pertaining to Constancy Investments, Led Zeppelin apologizing Cadillacs, Aerosmith for Buick, a O Ho Fei ays to get Coors Draught beer, cheap insanity dvd, Heavy Crimson endorsing Dodge, your Who seem to production it feasible for the tunes to be played with in isco commercials, a ascended electricity team a Affiliation darting Allstate Insurance policies, precisely why we even have Sally Reddy Ho Ho Chu basic anthem struck trail Tears Feel Woman holmium? remaining embodied in the Jack in the box personal. The catalogue goes ashore in counting, on then when will naturally the actual insanity achieve, and are likewise these songs really and helps to sell the merchandise there e marketing? It won holmium Zhua transform long before we listen to he Donovan melody moat ellow Yellow holmium holmium? truly marketing the particular soda known as Calm Yellow. Or maybe, why not consider the particular 3rd r.Ourite.Mirielle. songs understood as Ho Lu range Crush Holmium? getting used to get, you actually suspected it, your soda appointed Fruit Smash. When we Ho Cheng e in internet marketing, how almost whipping forward extra Beatles holmium? orthodox just like Qu icket To help Ride Ho Ho? for that greatest bidding climate conveyor corporation, holmium perish he Really loves Anyone, holmium? for that the most recent stinky men Ho Ho Chu perfume or the songs Tears Come to feel Good, holmium? for an allergic repercussion manipulation? Consider the suitable song holmium muddy eaving On A Airliner Plane holmium? to get United Air carriers and likewise Blondie Chang Ho Chu buffet unattached all Me Ho Ho? for From
Chinglish, the “Chinglish.”
learners are often the first in writing a plan to fight with the Chinese, or Chinese listed outline, then a sentence in Chinese into English mechanically, with obvious signs of the Chinese language, which can not be native English speakers who are accepted. Chinese with English refers to the Chinese pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary characteristic of English is a pidgin language. Chinglish in English is called “Chinglish”, Chinese and English is a mixture of English words fit.
About
Chinglish, that is “Chinglish.” Learners are often the first in writing a plan to fight with the Chinese, or Chinese listed outline, then a sentence mechanically convert Chinese into English, with clear traces of the Chinese language, and therefore can not be native speakers of English are acceptable.
Chinese with English refers to the Chinese pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary characteristic of English is a pidgin language. Chinglish in English is called “Chinglish”, Chinese and English is a mixture of English words fit.
define
in English, the Chinese way of thinking or due to cultural influences and mechanically, the fight does not meet the English expression used to create, with Chinese characteristics of the non-standard English or deformity. This is the Chinese people in the process of learning English widespread, though temporary, but it is inevitable that a linguistic phenomenon.
with the English in China has become a popular topic, and many also followed out nothing new. It is said that in 2006 the world most popular word in the 10, there is a word called chinglish, is Chinglish.
affect
Chinglish “long time no see” (long gone) has become the standard English phrases; since 1994 joined the ranks of the vocabulary of international English, Chinese English, contributed 5% to 20%, more than any other source;
When Sichuanese invented the “standing flower” (flower stand), the Sichuan-style English also began to appear in translation in Sichuan recipes;
Facebook even on a “Save the Chinese English “group, and has attracted more than 8,000 members, inside there are over 2500 Chinese-English examples.
When the Chinese invented the “good good study, day day up” (to learn, every day), this might seem ridiculous words to lead the of Chinglish (Chinese English) all the way forward. When the Sichuanese invented the “standing flower” (stop spending), the Sichuan-style English also began to appear in translation in the Sichuan menu. If you are serious scholars, after listening to these statistics, there are two general reactions. One kind of think fast 08 Olympics, and the streets signs are read on read barrier or ambiguous, so too a shame. Another is a strong sense of pride. English to Chinese into Chinglish, then is not only foreigner accept (foreigners acceptable), but actually very Popular (popular). This shows that China influence in the world has been quite general, do not say it than with the Tang Dynasty, but it is quite remarkable the
and scholars of these assumptions to face as the most important concerns than how other people down does not seriously. Beijing does have such a bunch of foreigners, all day long like holding a digital camera taking pictures of what four signs and cited that music, but most do not laugh sick man of Asia when it is with the braids that dangerous feelings, and that is for fun, also plans a fresh. They get the fun, and then looked at the domestic audience that Canadians say to the mountains and then laugh in broken Chinese words meaning are indistinguishable.
More on chinglish joke, is the genius of the Chinese people themselves invented. For example, the famous scene of the accident rather describe the nature of poetry: “one car come, one car go, two car pengpeng, the people die (a car, the car go, two car bumper died.) . “Whether it is Chinese or foreigners who can not help but smile reading.
is one such an unknown genius, dissolved in a language with humor borders, smiling out of hand, so that different people holding hands together. Inadvertently burst out of the spark, but unknowingly dissolved the ice – “long time no see (Long time)”, “drink tea (tea)” … The Chinese language has become part of standard English, The “blog”, the “fans” these words have gradually been added to the dictionary to the Chinese.
However, some linguists have guard general. Not to mention them, even to teach high school English teachers have a great view. Students see a broiler in the restaurant behind the English words “Young chicken without sex” is such a word, and apply their knowledge to write in the essay on. Teachers saw no recognition of students to observe good habits of life, but said: “So write not ah! Fortunately, this is to practice your writing, or affect more is not good!” So in his view, the correct translation of this phrase is “a chicken without sexual life.”
History
English should be the earliest Chinese in Hong Kong. Britain was forced to lease Hong Kong Island, in the cargo handling areas, there are many people who regularly deal with foreigners from the foreign population of secondary school was slowly a few simple English words, on your way to the composition of these newly learned English words. These words, there are many even within integrated into the English language. (For example: the greeting said “Long time no see!”)
later development of the British concession in Shanghai, Chinese English, also the rise in local and in English Concession boundaries Pidgin was named “Pidgin English.”
Chinese English often used in written language. Famous examples are “san q”, which is Chinese, “Thank you” means (usually in Mandarin for hree Q , there is ok lah. (The second example also applies to Chinese-style English and Singapore English) < br />
for English learners, the Chinese-style English can be seen as their “medium” language. They learn the language used during their mother tongue into English, Chinese, and the correct combination. Anyway, for learning English, the Chinese-style English but very unfavorable. Learning English for a Chinese, “Chinese English” this adjective can be used as an insult or a joke. Some foreign teachers will be a joke Wurenzaidi school English teaching is called “Chinese-style English teaching and research.”
there is a noteworthy, especially in China, is the phrase “welcome to” use. This is a phrase translated into a straight piece of Chinese word meaning “We invite you” or “Welcome.” Often used as a similar thank you, welcome to this meaning, this usage has dedicated, sincere, or other means. Often use is “welcome again” this phrase is usually used in the end of the sentence, such as buses, bookstores, “please come again,” the word was translated into the phrase, but accurate expression in English should be ” please come again “
example
Chinese English Welcome to ride Line 52 Bus correct: Thank you for riding Bus Line 52.
Chinese English Welcome to ride Line 13 again correct: Thank you for riding Line 13, and we would be pleased to welcome you back aboard at any time.
Chinese English Welcome to take my taxi right: Thanks for taking my taxi.
Chinese English Welcome to listen to my news right: Thanks for tuning in!
Chinese English Welcome to use ATM service right: Thanks for using this ATM
Chinese English type
Chinese English can also include the author in English words, but Chinese grammar and writing, that is a direct translation of each word. For example, “Wipe out six injurious insect” (to wipe out six types of insects, including cockroaches and mosquitoes), and “enjoy stand” (a scenic viewpoint). Incorrect pronunciation, spelling errors, typing errors are likely to roduce Chinglish.
pronunciation
Some words are often exchanged for the same word or mixed, it is because because of two words pronounced the same, such as “temple” and “temper”. Sometimes a word is pronounced incorrectly, with the original may be a completely different pronunciation of the English pronunciation of Chinese, for example, “Zellers” companies (Hudson Bay Company one) into “Se La”, or the English name, For example, Allen, Ellen, Aileen and Shirley, Shelly, Cherry
vocabulary
wrong words (for example: “to put in Jingzhang Expressway” instead of “entering Jingzhang Expressway”) can also be identified as Chinese-style English. Another common mistake to use “emergent” to mean “emergency” or “urgent”. Many of these errors rooted in the dictionary misuse or error.
Chinese-English, certain phrases have been confused. When foreigners explain some things, most of the old will be responded: “Oh, I know” (the correct answer is: “Oh, I see.”). This is because the old routine in any case in the now is often translated “know”. “When did you first meet him?” Is also sometimes used as “When did you first recognize him?”, Because nderstanding is usually translated as “recognize”, like “I recognize him from last week party.”
some of the more simple error occurred in the “see”, “watch”, “read”, “look” ─ ─ as the use of all of them corresponds to the ook his text, usually they confuse each other or simply downgrade to look. speak, say, talk is similar. Therefore, long-term personal gain of some English people may still say: “Can you say Chinese?”, “I am watching a book.” And “Tomorrow I will look a movie.”
Another common area of ??confusion is the” turn on / off “on the” open / close “. Chinese in the “turn on” (meaning the behavior of the operation switch or the machine) and “open” is the same word “on”, the same “turn off” and “close” as a guide to the word “off.” As a result, many people means “turn on the light” and say “open the light”, meaning “turn the computer off” would say “close the computer”. In contrast, means “close the door” and say “turn off the door” less popular but less.
Contemporary China own abbreviation
since the 1990s, in China, began some nondescript abbreviation of the English word, they are not common in English-speaking countries. For example: ML (make love), PK (player kill).
syntax
Chinese-English, sometimes through a common grammatical error patterns. For example, in the case of no excessive use of “the” (example: “The China is bigger than the France”), and the excessive use of verb “-ing”; both of which are common in Chinese English.
Others include: excessive use of “to”, use “to” follow the modal particle (for example: “I must to go “),”- ed” and “-ing” adjectives confusion (example: “I am very boring” for “I am very bored”; “I was surprised” to the “I was surprising”.), in the “be” and the excessive use of adjectives between “very” (response to “very” in Chinese inside usage), with “very” modify verbs (example: “I very like it”), when the active is more appropriate when using a passive, and the wrong verb tense usage may also lead to Chinese in English.
another, usually Chinese grammar model has also been absorbed into the grammar in English, such as the classic example: “I tomorrow go to Shanghai” or “I this morning eat breakfast. “
Also, for the countable / uncountable noun, plural usage,” how much “,” how many “,” a lot of “,” much “, and” many “of usage, there is more confusion. These lead to common errors such as “He has much money”, “I want a soup” and “There are a lot of shoe.”
mixed language
Chinese-English language may be mixed into a more special case (creole) ─ ─ inside at the same time with an English vocabulary in use. This Chinese English side by side in some Chinese and English the official language of the region is particularly evident, for example: Singapore, Hong Kong. (When a clear discussion of features of English in Singapore, the star-style English may be more appropriate.)
English secondary schools in Hong Kong, this is particularly evident. Whether the teacher or students to use in mixed language daily tendency examples such as “because light ways are parallel to principal axis, it will focus on focal plane” (because the light is parallel to the optical axis, it will focus and the focal plane)
this particular manner of speaking mainly by the English secondary school students do not know the Chinese translation of certain words (such as the optical axis, principal axis), when it was in daily communication will be done in English words into sentences. This situation also occurs in a teacher who teachers in order to ensure an accurate expression of some of the concepts taught in Chinese will be used, but this remains a class of words in English.
Chinese-English name
some Chinese people are not familiar with the English name because of the habit and take some less appropriate English name.
Some learned from their early English words, such as Apple (Apple), Space (space), Can ( canned), Sea (sea), Mooncake (moon cake), Magic (magic), Spider (Spider), Thunder (Thunder), Cloudy (goes), Table (a table), Bird (Bird), Eleven (11), Hifi (fidelity), H2O (water, chemical formula), Puppy (dog) and some from some of the animals, plants, weather phenomena, household appliances, week or month, some even made the name of Western taboo point .
They may use some of their favorite items or some genteel West made his name terms, such as, cola (Coke) Nautica (sailor) or Victory ( victory), Nation (country).
There are some Chinese words are not easy to pronounce the English name for them, but these words may be in English is very strange, such as coco the word.
Although there are some names from the right, but not the spelling pronunciation problem is random, such as Keith was even more spell Keif makes up Cliff.
Some people use the name of that other language as their English names, such as Russia and Japan, Yuri, Jun. Indeed, the names of many European countries are increasingly multi-application in English, it is not surprising, but the name of Jun such as Japanese and English in the “June” sounds exactly the same name there is a big problem. Jun Japanese can be a man in women can also be in June in English usually refers to women.
Perhaps this is more of a name as a nickname , but if you are in business or other formal occasions where the best selection of the correct and simple English name.
results
English for some of the major Chinese cities (eg Beijing) has become a very big problem. In preparation for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, Chinese authorities are focused on the clear use of English and replacement of the correct English. In this way, the former “To take notice of safe: The slippery are very crafty” slogan may be changed to correct the “Caution – slippery path”. Other examples include: “Oil gate” (should be filling station), “confirming space” (should keep distance), and so on and so forth. This is sometimes also on the export of Chinese-English business ─ ─ output labeled products to the Department of English-speaking country, or conversely ─ ─ ─ foreign companies importing companies to rely on China development, but not mastery of the Chinese translation operations ─ ─ adverse effects.
example
Here are some examples of Chinglish.
To take notice of safe: The slippery are very crafty. = Be careful, slippery slopes. (caution slippery.)
Carefully slide
To put out Xuanda Expressway (Beijing Fourth Ring Road). To put in Jingzhang Expressway. (Beijing-Zhangjiakou Expressway) = Now leaving Xuanda Expressway, now entering Jingzhang Expressway.
Decimbing path. = Descent. (downhill.)
Rain or snow day. Bridge, slow-driving. (all highways, Hebei) = Slow on bridge in case of rain or snow.
Oil gate. / Into. = Filling station. (gas station.) / Entrance. (imports.)
Smoking is prohibited if you will be fined 50 yuan. (literal meaning: If you are fined $ 50, then smoking is not allowed.) = Smoking is prohibited, penalties for violators is 50 yuan. (non-smoking, violators will be fined 50 yuan.)
Please come down from your bicycle. = Please dismount from your bicycle.
< P style = "TEXT-INDENT: 2em;"> If you have trouble ask for the policeman. or If in trouble find police = In case of trouble, dial the police.
Being urgent call 110 quickly. (Beijing) = In cases of emergency, please call 110. (110 = Chinese mainland reported phone, same as Hong Kong 999)
Complaining tel. (literal meaning: complaining about calls) = Customer service telephone (customer service phone).
When you leave car, please turn off door and window, take your valuable object = Be sure to lock your doors and windows and take all valuables with you.
Engine room is serious place. (literally: room is a serious place) = Engine room: No unauthorised access. (room powerhouse; powerhouse mean actually Admittance, but Chinese are usually omitted.)
Don forget to take your thing. = Don forget your personal belongings.
Visit in civilisation, pay attention to hygiene! = Attention to visitors: Be civilised and keep the public places hygiene.
Deformed man toilet. (literal meaning: those who deformed the toilet) = Public toilet for the disabled (disabled toilets) .
Carefully meet (literally: cautious meet) = Watch your head (be careful meet – be careful not to hit the head)
Crippled restroom. = Public toilet for the disabled (disabled toilet).
When you across hard you can ring TEL ( numbers). = In case of emergency, please call (number).
Danger! Inhibition astraddle transgress. = Danger! No entry. (dangerous! allowed to enter )
X Bank Shaoguan Cent Company = X Bank Shaoguan Branch. (Shaoguan a bank branch)
To run business = Open. (open in)
Drink tea (literally: tea) = Closed. (rest of)
Many Function Hall (multi-purpose hall, literally: many features Hall) (Shanghai) = Multifunctional Hall
We can stand the sight of mattress fragrant grass = Don step on the grass
Fragrant fragile walnut meat biscuits = type of walnut cookie, by Delta Lee Group manufactures
Burnt meat biscuit = one kind of meat biscuit
Please Drive Correctly ( literal meaning: Please correct driver) = remind people driving by the rules of signs
New Shipu Hotel (literally: New Shipu Hotel) = not a hotel (Hotel) , but a restaurant (restaurant)
Welcome to our fine restaurant (literally: Welcome to our restaurant) = sign in a hotel
No gambling promote leagal entertainment = anti-gambling propaganda poster by the Beijing police.
Convenient (instant noodles ) = instant noodles, Beijing
Haw a thick soup = Hawthorn (one manufactured by Chengde)
Small two pots of heads = Erguotou (erguotou) – an authentic dishes – appear menus in Beijing Oriental Plaza on
China smoke wine
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MMControl control usage
January 20, 2011
This control is very powerful, can make the player.
MMControl (multimedia MCI) controls a set of high-level device-independent commands, function is to manage the MCI (Media Control Interface) device and play audio or video files
add the control: MMControl control is an ActiveX control project – part-Microsoft Multimedia Control 6.0
properties:
Enabled / Visible attribute:
each button corresponds to a Enable / Visiable properties, such as MMControl1.PlayEnable = True MMControl1.PauseVisibel = false. (Can be loaded so that the control is not visible, by setting the button you want to achieve player)
Command attribute:
commonly used commands to open, open MCI device , play, with MCI devices for playback, close: Close the MCI device
TimeFormat property
all the location information is used to specify the time format used. Common: mciFormatMilliseconds, 0: number of milliseconds to save with four-byte integer variable. mciFormatFrames, a value of 3: Frame with the four-byte integer variable holds
Length property
open MCI devices for the provision of multimedia files on the overall play length, time units properties determined by the TimeFormat
Position property
for playing back multimedia files location, time units by the TimeFormat property. (Can be used to reflect on the progress bar song playback progress)
Notify property
decided MMControl next control command is executed, it generates a callback event (Done Events). True to produce. Notify property of each control command valid only for an MCI event:
Each button corresponds to an event. If MMControl1_BackClick
Done events. When the Notify property to True, MCI command Done event occurred at the end
example: plays music, and song length obtained
Private Sub Form_Load ()
MMCtl.FileName = “d: \ 1.wma”
MMCtl.TimeFormat = 0 umber of milliseconds with a four-byte integer variable to hold
MMCtl.Command = “open” pen the MCI device
lblSongLen.Caption = “song length is:”
C # Windows Media Player Control
May 10, 2011
First, the control box to add this control: wmp.dll
Second, drag the control to the form
Third, wmp.URL = XXXX; wmp.play () can.
usually applied on the three steps on OK. However, I wanted to write a player, then ran into some problems.
in the use of non-dotnet dotnet-based controls, you need to do some extra things, but these things have helped us vs well, when we drag this control into the form, vs automatically Call AxImp.exe, use it according to the original dll or ocx used to generate a new AxHost class packaging a set of assemblies (a more precise description see msdn), then generate two files according to WMPLib.dll: AxInterop.WMPLib . dll, Interop.WMPLib.dll. These two files contain the transformation of the class. Packaged controls inherited from System.Windows.Forms.AxHost.
This is the first problem, control how to use it? If you drag a control, is very simple, in any case can be used effectively. However, if you manually create a new instance of the control it? It might not be.
I have done all the experiments, to obtain the following conclusions:
in the non-visual class can not create an instance of a UI, controls, or instances in the absence of the added to a visual container when.
I experimented with the following code:
AxWMPLib.AxWindowsMediaPlayer wmp = new AxWMPLib.AxWindowsMediaPlayer ();
this.Controls.Add (wmp );
wmp.URL = “convention. mp3″;
wmp.Ctlcontrols.play ();
these few lines of code are not necessarily can run. Found that if these few lines of code written in the form of the constructor, even if it can not run the show, only written after the Load or Load event, and show the form only to run out, otherwise it will throw an error : trigger type is “System.Windows.Forms.AxHost InvalidActiveXStateException” exception. Some people online have encountered this problem is actually not about the point. Very sorry.
they not show it must not run it? I dragged a player to put controls on the form, write a line in the InitializeComponent play back the code to run. Visible, the middle of this strange ah. I compared the above code with the drag up the generated code, there are two differences:
First, drag the control to generate code for multi-one pairs ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize) (this.w mp1 )). BeginInit () / EndInit ()
Second, the drag controls more than a line: this.wmp1.OcxState = ((System.Windows.Forms.AxHost.State) (resources.Get Object (“wmp1.OcxState “))); I checked MSDN, ocxstate is the control state. Control for persistent state. com component status information is written in the form of the corresponding resource file, use Notepad to open the form resource file, you can see. Created in the manual, this ocxstate is impossible assignment.
I tried to join BeginInit, EndInit, useless, shows that the problem is a problem in the control state. No other way.
get the currently playing media information, this is very simple, currentMedia can be achieved. How to create a play list? The player plays the specified media? There a way I find their own way out:
wmp1.currentPlaylist.appendItem (wmp1.newMedia (“agreement. Mp3″))
I see online do not know brother with currentPlaylist, to achieve in their own playlists, I feel no need.
extremely depressed, with wmp to play rmvb, etc. to support non-default file will pop up error message box, he can use a property wmp.settings.enableErrorDialogs = false control it does not show, however, there are still a consequences, is call wmp.Ctlcontrols.play (), it does not play, but comes with a click Play button control bar can play the triangle line. Depressed ah.
I went to the Storm 3 mps.dll. Sure enough, it is a hot video with the kernel. However, this control is to provide hot so badly. No advanced features. Depressed. Well, or wmp. Continue to study the wmp. I installed the wmp11.
now find some more comprehensive information on wmp API, as follows:
property / method name Description:
detailed API documentation ( more thorough than the MSDN):
[Basic Properties]
URL: String; specify the location of the media, local or network address
uiMode: String ; player interface model for Full, Mini, None, Invisible (ignoring case)
playState: integer; playback. This attribute change events and at the same time lead to PlayStateChange StateChange event. Range of enumeration type: WMPLib.WMPPlayState, its members are as follows:
wmppsUndefined = 0; / / unknown state
wmppsStopped = 1; / / Play Stop < br />
wmppsPaused = 2; / / play pause
wmppsPlaying = 3; / / Now Playing
wmppsScanForward = 4; / / forward search
wmppsScanReverse = 5; / / backward search
wmppsBuffering = 6; / / Buffering
wmppsWaiting = 7; / / start waiting for the stream is < br />
wmppsMediaEnded = 8; / / play the stream has ended
wmppsTransitioning = 9; / / prepare the new media file
wmppsReady = 10; / / Play Ready
wmppsReconnecting = 11; / / try to reconnect streaming data
wmppsLast = 12; / / the last condition, the state has not changed
write code in PlayStateChange play rmvb, etc. to prevent non-default types of problems (with wmppsReady).
enableContextMenu: Boolean; enable / disable the right click menu
fullScreen: boolean; whether full screen
/ / player under control
Ctlcontrols.play; play
Ctlcontrols.pause; suspended
Ctlcontrols.stop; stop
Ctlcontrols.currentPosition: double; Current progress
Ctlcontrols.currentPositionString: string; current progress, the string format. Such as “00:23″
Ctlcontrols.fastForward; fast forward
Ctlcontrols.fastReverse; rewind
Ctlcontrols.next; under a < br />
Ctlcontrols.previous; on a
[settings] wmp.settings / / set the player base
settings.volume: integer; volume, 0-100
settings.autoStart: Boolean; whether to automatically play
settings.mute: Boolean; is mute
settings.playCount: integer ; Views
/ / order of play
wmp.settings.setMode (“shuffle”, False)
/ / Shuffle
wmp.settings.setMode (“shuffle”, True)
/ / loop
wmp.settings.setMode (“loop”, True) < br />
[currentMedia] wmp.currentMedia / / current media properties
currentMedia.duration: double; media length
currentMedia.durationString: string; media The total length of the string format. Such as “03:24″
currentMedia.getItemInfo (const string); for the current media information “Title” = Media Title, “Author” = Artist, “Copyright” = copyright information, “Description” = media content description, “Duration” = duration (in seconds), “FileSize” = File Size, “FileType” = file type, “sourceURL” = original address
currentMedia.setItemInfo (const string); by property name to set media information
currentMedia.name: string; with currentMedia.getItemInfo (“Title”)
[currentPlaylist] wmp.currentPlaylist / / current playlist Properties < br />
currentPlaylist.count: integer; current playlist contains media several
currentPlaylist.Item [integer]; Gets or sets the specified project media information, the sub-attributes with wmp.currentMedia
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.currentMedia.sourceURL; / / get the currently playing media file path
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.currentMedia.name; / / get the currently playing media file name
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.Ctlcontrols.Play play
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.Ctlcontrols.Stop stop
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.Ctlcontrols.Pause suspended
axWindowsMediaPlayer1. Ctlcontrols.PlayCount file playback times
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.Ctlcontrols.AutoRewind whether the loop (void)
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.Ctlcontrols.Balance channel
axWindowsMediaPlayer1. Ctlcontrols.Volume volume
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.Ctlcontrols.Mute mute
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.EnableContextMenu whether to allow the control to pop up when you right-click on the shortcut menu
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.Ctlcontrols.AnimationAtStart whether animation before playing (void)
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.Ctlcontrols.ShowControls whether to display controls toolbar (void)
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.Ctlcontrols.ShowAudioControl s whether to display the volume control buttons (void)
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.Ctlcontrols.ShowDisplay whether to display the data file information (invalid)
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.Ctlcontrols.ShowGotoBar whether to display the Goto column (void )
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.Ctlcontrols.ShowPositionCont rols whether the display position adjustment button (void)
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.Ctlcontrols.ShowStatusBar whether to display the status bar (void)
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.Ctlcontrols.ShowTracker whether to display the progress bar (void)
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.Ctlcontrols.FastForward fast forward
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.Ctlcontrols.FastReverse rewind
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.Ctlcontrols.Rate fast forward / rewind speed
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.AllowChangeDisplaySize whether to allow free play to set the image size (void)
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.DisplaySize set the playback image size (void)
1-MpDefaultSize original size
2-MpHalfSize half its original size
3-MpDoubleSize twice the original size
4-MpFullScreen full
5-MpOneSixteenthScreen screen size of 1 / 16
6-MpOneFourthScreen screen size of 1 / 4
7-MpOneHalfScreen screen size of 1 / 2
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.ClickToPlay whether to allow the player window, click Start Media Player
In the video, you can read through the following ways source video width and height, then set it to restore to the original size.
private void ResizeOriginal ()
{
int intWidth = axWindowsMediaPlayer1 . currentMedia.imageSourceWidt h;
int intHeight = axWindowsMediaPlayer1.currentMedia.imageSourceHeig ht;
axWindowsMediaPlayer1.Width = intWidth 2;
axWindowsMediaPlayer1. Height = intHeight 2;
}
open media files, and play:
Dim filePath As String
With Me.OpenFileDialog1
. Title = “open audio file”
. CheckPathExists = True
. CheckFileExists = True
. Multiselect = False
. Filter = “mp3 files (*. mp3)*. mp3All files (*.*)|*.*”
If . ShowDialog = DialogResult.Cancel Then
Exit Sub
End If
filePath =. FileName
End With < br />
Me.Text = “PC video machines – file”
WPF – third-party controls
April 18, 2011
huhenggang @ 126 blog
Nothing in the world with ease of almost? Whom it is hard to Zheyi easy to carry; not, who hardly is easy to carry. WPF – third-party control
current third-party controls a huge share in the formation of online resources, including charges there is a free, open source, there are not open source, reasonable use of third-party control of the project team will work more efficiently. Some projects such as complex business logic, and some brilliant special effects needed to complete custom controls, this time we will consider the project team to develop their own or third-party controls, in fact, often we will weigh the time and money to decisions, such as the time is very tight and the project team are not free to do these things, then we will select some third-party control, this paper describes some simple aspects of third-party WPF controls, as a reference when needed. WPF control vendors
Component Art
DevExpress
SyncFusion
Infragistics
Xceed Telerik Actipro
control classification
Data Grids
Infragistics Data Grid
Xceed Data Grid
Component One Data Grid
Syncfusion Essential Grid
Telerik RadGridView for WPF
ComponentArt DataGrid
Charts
Infragistics xamChart
Swordfish Charts
Component One Chart
Visifire Chart for WPF and Silverlight
WPF Graph on Code Project
Free 3D Chart
< br /> Free High Performance 3D Chart
D3 Dynamic Data Display
Syncfusion Essential Chart
Syncfusion Gauge
Telerik RadGauge for WPF
Telerik RadChart for WPF
ComponentArt Chart
Dialogs
Pure WPF FileOpen, FileSave and FolderBrowser Dialogs
Dock
Infragistics Dock Manager
Actipro Dock Panel
< br /> DevComponents Dock Panel
WPF Docking Library (Open Source)
Avalon Dock (Open Source)
Telerik RadDocking for WPF
Editors
Infragistics xamEditors
Xceed Editors
DevComponents Numeric Editor
Telerik RadNumericUpDown for WPF
Syncfusion Essential Edit (with Syntax Highlighting)
Syncfusion Essential Diagram Editor
WPF Calendar Control
< br /> Effects
Transitionals – Framework to transition between screens.
WPF Shader and Transition FX
Windows Presentation Foundation Pixel Shader Effects Library
DotWay WPF – Color Picker, Panels and several Shader Effects
Telerik Drag
VFP runtime version and the detailed explanation of the control
July 24, 2010
VFP compiled EXE are not alone running, your computer must be installed VFP run-time library, previously able to run because your computer has installed the VFP run-time library , if not installed, then you put the file on some library and EXE files in the same folder. The following information for your reference: vfp6.0 Runtime (VFP runtime and the version control detailed explanation) VFP the version of the runtime of VFP and detailed explanation of family control has been compiled. EXE file needs the support of the corresponding version of the runtime is not installed in the other VFP to the corresponding versions of the system to run on, so if people encounter such problems, please refer to the following, find the corresponding versions of VFP the corresponding file into your own. exe file program can be. powered by 25175.net support all versions of the runtime files: VFP3 runtime: VFP300.ESL VFP5 runtime: VFP500.DLL, VFP5ENU.DLL VFP6 runtime: vfp6r.dll, vfp6rchs.dll, gdiplus.dll ( VFP6RUN.EXE, VFP6R.DLL, VFP6RENU.DLL) VFP7 runtime: msvcr70.dll, vfp7r.dll, vfp7rchs.dll, gdiplus.dll, vfp7renu.dll VFP8 runtime: msvcr70.dll, vfp8r.dll, vfp8rchs . dll, gdiplus.dll VFP9 runtime: msvcr71.dll, vfp9r.dll, vfp9rchs.dll, gdiplus.dll, vfp9t.dll example: vfp6 compiled EXE program, you need VFP6R.DLL VFP6RCHS.DLL VFP6RENU VFP9 compiled EXE program, the need vfp9r.dll vfp9t.dll msvcr71.dll VFP9RENU.DLL GDIPlus.DLL another: the release of the development of a Visual FoxPro 9.0 executables (. exe) file, you need to consider publishing the following documents: ①. VFPV9R. dll/VFPV9T.dll VFPV9R.dll file is single-threaded runtime, and VFPV9T.dll document is multi-threaded runtime. If you use the Visual FoxPro development of a program or service. Dll files, you must also publish VFPV9T.dll file. ② .VFP9Rchs.dll/VFPV9Rcht.dll VFPV9Rchs.dll is the Simplified Chinese runtime, VFPV9Rcht.dll is Traditional Chinese runtime. According to the different operating environment, these two files only need to issue one. ③. GDIPlus.dll need to publish this document. Starting from Visual FoxPro 8.0, Visual FoxPro supports GDI has. Therefore, Visual FoxPro has a RotateFlipproperty Image control properties, you can use this property to rotate, invert and flip images. Supported file formats are as follows:. Ani,. Bmp,. Cur,. Dib,. Emf,. Exif, .gif / .gif animation /. Gfa,. Ico, .jpg / .jpeg / .jpe / .jfif,. png, .tif / .tiff,. wmf files Note: In Visual FoxPro, pointer, pointers, and animated icon files can be used as a common graphics file. For example, you can specify the Image control Picture property of an animated cursor file, but Image control displays static pointer image fills. ④. MSVCR71.dll Visual C runtime, which is to be released by a file. ⑤. Visual FoxPro 9.0 ActiveX control that comes with the following ActiveX control (. Ocx files) is installed by default when you install Visual FoxPro 9.0, they can be together with your application freely distributed. ActiveX controls are used Visual FoxPro OLE container control is added to the form. You will not be used when developing software. So, simply use the. Ocx file and your application can be released together. These controls provided in the MSDN help files. MSCOMCtl.ocx include: ImageCombo, ImageList, ListView, ProgressBar, Slider, StatusBar, TabStrip, Toolbar and TreeView control (Note: In 7.0 and previous versions of the file name is Comctl32.ocx MSCOMCt2.ocx include: Animation, DateTimePicker, FlatScrollBar, MonthView and UpDown control MCI32.ocx include: Multimedia MCI control MSChrt20.ocx include: MsChart control MSCOMM32.ocx include: MSComm control MSInet.ocx include: Microsoft Internet Transfer Control MSMapi32.ocx include: MAPIMessages and MAPISession control MSMask32.ocx including : Masked Edit Control MSWinsck.ocx include: Winsock Control Picclp32.ocx include: PictureClip control Richtx32.ocx include: RichTextBox control Sysinfo.ocx include: SysInfo control ⑥. VfpOleDB.dll This file is other programming languages ??and applications in the Visual FoxPro databases and tables of OLE DB interfaces, generally less than. ⑦. vfpodbc.dll vfpodbc.dll file is ODBC (database link) driver, you need to release. ⑧. you used in the development of other third-party control when